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pygettext3.py
#! /opt/alt/python312/bin/python3.12 # -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*- # Originally written by Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org> # # Minimally patched to make it even more xgettext compatible # by Peter Funk <pf@artcom-gmbh.de> # # 2002-11-22 J�rgen Hermann <jh@web.de> # Added checks that _() only contains string literals, and # command line args are resolved to module lists, i.e. you # can now pass a filename, a module or package name, or a # directory (including globbing chars, important for Win32). # Made docstring fit in 80 chars wide displays using pydoc. # # for selftesting try: import fintl _ = fintl.gettext except ImportError: _ = lambda s: s __doc__ = _("""pygettext -- Python equivalent of xgettext(1) Many systems (Solaris, Linux, Gnu) provide extensive tools that ease the internationalization of C programs. Most of these tools are independent of the programming language and can be used from within Python programs. Martin von Loewis' work[1] helps considerably in this regard. There's one problem though; xgettext is the program that scans source code looking for message strings, but it groks only C (or C++). Python introduces a few wrinkles, such as dual quoting characters, triple quoted strings, and raw strings. xgettext understands none of this. Enter pygettext, which uses Python's standard tokenize module to scan Python source code, generating .pot files identical to what GNU xgettext[2] generates for C and C++ code. From there, the standard GNU tools can be used. A word about marking Python strings as candidates for translation. GNU xgettext recognizes the following keywords: gettext, dgettext, dcgettext, and gettext_noop. But those can be a lot of text to include all over your code. C and C++ have a trick: they use the C preprocessor. Most internationalized C source includes a #define for gettext() to _() so that what has to be written in the source is much less. Thus these are both translatable strings: gettext("Translatable String") _("Translatable String") Python of course has no preprocessor so this doesn't work so well. Thus, pygettext searches only for _() by default, but see the -k/--keyword flag below for how to augment this. [1] https://www.python.org/workshops/1997-10/proceedings/loewis.html [2] https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/gettext.html NOTE: pygettext attempts to be option and feature compatible with GNU xgettext where ever possible. However some options are still missing or are not fully implemented. Also, xgettext's use of command line switches with option arguments is broken, and in these cases, pygettext just defines additional switches. Usage: pygettext [options] inputfile ... Options: -a --extract-all Extract all strings. -d name --default-domain=name Rename the default output file from messages.pot to name.pot. -E --escape Replace non-ASCII characters with octal escape sequences. -D --docstrings Extract module, class, method, and function docstrings. These do not need to be wrapped in _() markers, and in fact cannot be for Python to consider them docstrings. (See also the -X option). -h --help Print this help message and exit. -k word --keyword=word Keywords to look for in addition to the default set, which are: %(DEFAULTKEYWORDS)s You can have multiple -k flags on the command line. -K --no-default-keywords Disable the default set of keywords (see above). Any keywords explicitly added with the -k/--keyword option are still recognized. --no-location Do not write filename/lineno location comments. -n --add-location Write filename/lineno location comments indicating where each extracted string is found in the source. These lines appear before each msgid. The style of comments is controlled by the -S/--style option. This is the default. -o filename --output=filename Rename the default output file from messages.pot to filename. If filename is `-' then the output is sent to standard out. -p dir --output-dir=dir Output files will be placed in directory dir. -S stylename --style stylename Specify which style to use for location comments. Two styles are supported: Solaris # File: filename, line: line-number GNU #: filename:line The style name is case insensitive. GNU style is the default. -v --verbose Print the names of the files being processed. -V --version Print the version of pygettext and exit. -w columns --width=columns Set width of output to columns. -x filename --exclude-file=filename Specify a file that contains a list of strings that are not be extracted from the input files. Each string to be excluded must appear on a line by itself in the file. -X filename --no-docstrings=filename Specify a file that contains a list of files (one per line) that should not have their docstrings extracted. This is only useful in conjunction with the -D option above. If `inputfile' is -, standard input is read. """) import os import importlib.machinery import importlib.util import sys import glob import time import getopt import ast import token import tokenize __version__ = '1.5' default_keywords = ['_'] DEFAULTKEYWORDS = ', '.join(default_keywords) EMPTYSTRING = '' # The normal pot-file header. msgmerge and Emacs's po-mode work better if it's # there. pot_header = _('''\ # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\\n" "POT-Creation-Date: %(time)s\\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%(charset)s\\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: %(encoding)s\\n" "Generated-By: pygettext.py %(version)s\\n" ''') def usage(code, msg=''): print(__doc__ % globals(), file=sys.stderr) if msg: print(msg, file=sys.stderr) sys.exit(code) def make_escapes(pass_nonascii): global escapes, escape if pass_nonascii: # Allow non-ascii characters to pass through so that e.g. 'msgid # "H�he"' would not result in 'msgid "H\366he"'. Otherwise we # escape any character outside the 32..126 range. mod = 128 escape = escape_ascii else: mod = 256 escape = escape_nonascii escapes = [r"\%03o" % i for i in range(mod)] for i in range(32, 127): escapes[i] = chr(i) escapes[ord('\\')] = r'\\' escapes[ord('\t')] = r'\t' escapes[ord('\r')] = r'\r' escapes[ord('\n')] = r'\n' escapes[ord('\"')] = r'\"' def escape_ascii(s, encoding): return ''.join(escapes[ord(c)] if ord(c) < 128 else c for c in s) def escape_nonascii(s, encoding): return ''.join(escapes[b] for b in s.encode(encoding)) def is_literal_string(s): return s[0] in '\'"' or (s[0] in 'rRuU' and s[1] in '\'"') def safe_eval(s): # unwrap quotes, safely return eval(s, {'__builtins__':{}}, {}) def normalize(s, encoding): # This converts the various Python string types into a format that is # appropriate for .po files, namely much closer to C style. lines = s.split('\n') if len(lines) == 1: s = '"' + escape(s, encoding) + '"' else: if not lines[-1]: del lines[-1] lines[-1] = lines[-1] + '\n' for i in range(len(lines)): lines[i] = escape(lines[i], encoding) lineterm = '\\n"\n"' s = '""\n"' + lineterm.join(lines) + '"' return s def containsAny(str, set): """Check whether 'str' contains ANY of the chars in 'set'""" return 1 in [c in str for c in set] def getFilesForName(name): """Get a list of module files for a filename, a module or package name, or a directory. """ if not os.path.exists(name): # check for glob chars if containsAny(name, "*?[]"): files = glob.glob(name) list = [] for file in files: list.extend(getFilesForName(file)) return list # try to find module or package try: spec = importlib.util.find_spec(name) name = spec.origin except ImportError: name = None if not name: return [] if os.path.isdir(name): # find all python files in directory list = [] # get extension for python source files _py_ext = importlib.machinery.SOURCE_SUFFIXES[0] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(name): # don't recurse into CVS directories if 'CVS' in dirs: dirs.remove('CVS') # add all *.py files to list list.extend( [os.path.join(root, file) for file in files if os.path.splitext(file)[1] == _py_ext] ) return list elif os.path.exists(name): # a single file return [name] return [] class TokenEater: def __init__(self, options): self.__options = options self.__messages = {} self.__state = self.__waiting self.__data = [] self.__lineno = -1 self.__freshmodule = 1 self.__curfile = None self.__enclosurecount = 0 def __call__(self, ttype, tstring, stup, etup, line): # dispatch ## import token ## print('ttype:', token.tok_name[ttype], 'tstring:', tstring, ## file=sys.stderr) self.__state(ttype, tstring, stup[0]) def __waiting(self, ttype, tstring, lineno): opts = self.__options # Do docstring extractions, if enabled if opts.docstrings and not opts.nodocstrings.get(self.__curfile): # module docstring? if self.__freshmodule: if ttype == tokenize.STRING and is_literal_string(tstring): self.__addentry(safe_eval(tstring), lineno, isdocstring=1) self.__freshmodule = 0 return if ttype in (tokenize.COMMENT, tokenize.NL, tokenize.ENCODING): return self.__freshmodule = 0 # class or func/method docstring? if ttype == tokenize.NAME and tstring in ('class', 'def'): self.__state = self.__suiteseen return if ttype == tokenize.NAME and tstring in ('class', 'def'): self.__state = self.__ignorenext return if ttype == tokenize.NAME and tstring in opts.keywords: self.__state = self.__keywordseen return if ttype == tokenize.STRING: maybe_fstring = ast.parse(tstring, mode='eval').body if not isinstance(maybe_fstring, ast.JoinedStr): return for value in filter(lambda node: isinstance(node, ast.FormattedValue), maybe_fstring.values): for call in filter(lambda node: isinstance(node, ast.Call), ast.walk(value)): func = call.func if isinstance(func, ast.Name): func_name = func.id elif isinstance(func, ast.Attribute): func_name = func.attr else: continue if func_name not in opts.keywords: continue if len(call.args) != 1: print(_( '*** %(file)s:%(lineno)s: Seen unexpected amount of' ' positional arguments in gettext call: %(source_segment)s' ) % { 'source_segment': ast.get_source_segment(tstring, call) or tstring, 'file': self.__curfile, 'lineno': lineno }, file=sys.stderr) continue if call.keywords: print(_( '*** %(file)s:%(lineno)s: Seen unexpected keyword arguments' ' in gettext call: %(source_segment)s' ) % { 'source_segment': ast.get_source_segment(tstring, call) or tstring, 'file': self.__curfile, 'lineno': lineno }, file=sys.stderr) continue arg = call.args[0] if not isinstance(arg, ast.Constant): print(_( '*** %(file)s:%(lineno)s: Seen unexpected argument type' ' in gettext call: %(source_segment)s' ) % { 'source_segment': ast.get_source_segment(tstring, call) or tstring, 'file': self.__curfile, 'lineno': lineno }, file=sys.stderr) continue if isinstance(arg.value, str): self.__addentry(arg.value, lineno) def __suiteseen(self, ttype, tstring, lineno): # skip over any enclosure pairs until we see the colon if ttype == tokenize.OP: if tstring == ':' and self.__enclosurecount == 0: # we see a colon and we're not in an enclosure: end of def self.__state = self.__suitedocstring elif tstring in '([{': self.__enclosurecount += 1 elif tstring in ')]}': self.__enclosurecount -= 1 def __suitedocstring(self, ttype, tstring, lineno): # ignore any intervening noise if ttype == tokenize.STRING and is_literal_string(tstring): self.__addentry(safe_eval(tstring), lineno, isdocstring=1) self.__state = self.__waiting elif ttype not in (tokenize.NEWLINE, tokenize.INDENT, tokenize.COMMENT): # there was no class docstring self.__state = self.__waiting def __keywordseen(self, ttype, tstring, lineno): if ttype == tokenize.OP and tstring == '(': self.__data = [] self.__lineno = lineno self.__state = self.__openseen else: self.__state = self.__waiting def __openseen(self, ttype, tstring, lineno): if ttype == tokenize.OP and tstring == ')': # We've seen the last of the translatable strings. Record the # line number of the first line of the strings and update the list # of messages seen. Reset state for the next batch. If there # were no strings inside _(), then just ignore this entry. if self.__data: self.__addentry(EMPTYSTRING.join(self.__data)) self.__state = self.__waiting elif ttype == tokenize.STRING and is_literal_string(tstring): self.__data.append(safe_eval(tstring)) elif ttype not in [tokenize.COMMENT, token.INDENT, token.DEDENT, token.NEWLINE, tokenize.NL]: # warn if we see anything else than STRING or whitespace print(_( '*** %(file)s:%(lineno)s: Seen unexpected token "%(token)s"' ) % { 'token': tstring, 'file': self.__curfile, 'lineno': self.__lineno }, file=sys.stderr) self.__state = self.__waiting def __ignorenext(self, ttype, tstring, lineno): self.__state = self.__waiting def __addentry(self, msg, lineno=None, isdocstring=0): if lineno is None: lineno = self.__lineno if not msg in self.__options.toexclude: entry = (self.__curfile, lineno) self.__messages.setdefault(msg, {})[entry] = isdocstring def set_filename(self, filename): self.__curfile = filename self.__freshmodule = 1 def write(self, fp): options = self.__options timestamp = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M%z') encoding = fp.encoding if fp.encoding else 'UTF-8' print(pot_header % {'time': timestamp, 'version': __version__, 'charset': encoding, 'encoding': '8bit'}, file=fp) # Sort the entries. First sort each particular entry's keys, then # sort all the entries by their first item. reverse = {} for k, v in self.__messages.items(): keys = sorted(v.keys()) reverse.setdefault(tuple(keys), []).append((k, v)) rkeys = sorted(reverse.keys()) for rkey in rkeys: rentries = reverse[rkey] rentries.sort() for k, v in rentries: # If the entry was gleaned out of a docstring, then add a # comment stating so. This is to aid translators who may wish # to skip translating some unimportant docstrings. isdocstring = any(v.values()) # k is the message string, v is a dictionary-set of (filename, # lineno) tuples. We want to sort the entries in v first by # file name and then by line number. v = sorted(v.keys()) if not options.writelocations: pass # location comments are different b/w Solaris and GNU: elif options.locationstyle == options.SOLARIS: for filename, lineno in v: d = {'filename': filename, 'lineno': lineno} print(_( '# File: %(filename)s, line: %(lineno)d') % d, file=fp) elif options.locationstyle == options.GNU: # fit as many locations on one line, as long as the # resulting line length doesn't exceed 'options.width' locline = '#:' for filename, lineno in v: d = {'filename': filename, 'lineno': lineno} s = _(' %(filename)s:%(lineno)d') % d if len(locline) + len(s) <= options.width: locline = locline + s else: print(locline, file=fp) locline = "#:" + s if len(locline) > 2: print(locline, file=fp) if isdocstring: print('#, docstring', file=fp) print('msgid', normalize(k, encoding), file=fp) print('msgstr ""\n', file=fp) def main(): global default_keywords try: opts, args = getopt.getopt( sys.argv[1:], 'ad:DEhk:Kno:p:S:Vvw:x:X:', ['extract-all', 'default-domain=', 'escape', 'help', 'keyword=', 'no-default-keywords', 'add-location', 'no-location', 'output=', 'output-dir=', 'style=', 'verbose', 'version', 'width=', 'exclude-file=', 'docstrings', 'no-docstrings', ]) except getopt.error as msg: usage(1, msg) # for holding option values class Options: # constants GNU = 1 SOLARIS = 2 # defaults extractall = 0 # FIXME: currently this option has no effect at all. escape = 0 keywords = [] outpath = '' outfile = 'messages.pot' writelocations = 1 locationstyle = GNU verbose = 0 width = 78 excludefilename = '' docstrings = 0 nodocstrings = {} options = Options() locations = {'gnu' : options.GNU, 'solaris' : options.SOLARIS, } # parse options for opt, arg in opts: if opt in ('-h', '--help'): usage(0) elif opt in ('-a', '--extract-all'): options.extractall = 1 elif opt in ('-d', '--default-domain'): options.outfile = arg + '.pot' elif opt in ('-E', '--escape'): options.escape = 1 elif opt in ('-D', '--docstrings'): options.docstrings = 1 elif opt in ('-k', '--keyword'): options.keywords.append(arg) elif opt in ('-K', '--no-default-keywords'): default_keywords = [] elif opt in ('-n', '--add-location'): options.writelocations = 1 elif opt in ('--no-location',): options.writelocations = 0 elif opt in ('-S', '--style'): options.locationstyle = locations.get(arg.lower()) if options.locationstyle is None: usage(1, _('Invalid value for --style: %s') % arg) elif opt in ('-o', '--output'): options.outfile = arg elif opt in ('-p', '--output-dir'): options.outpath = arg elif opt in ('-v', '--verbose'): options.verbose = 1 elif opt in ('-V', '--version'): print(_('pygettext.py (xgettext for Python) %s') % __version__) sys.exit(0) elif opt in ('-w', '--width'): try: options.width = int(arg) except ValueError: usage(1, _('--width argument must be an integer: %s') % arg) elif opt in ('-x', '--exclude-file'): options.excludefilename = arg elif opt in ('-X', '--no-docstrings'): fp = open(arg) try: while 1: line = fp.readline() if not line: break options.nodocstrings[line[:-1]] = 1 finally: fp.close() # calculate escapes make_escapes(not options.escape) # calculate all keywords options.keywords.extend(default_keywords) # initialize list of strings to exclude if options.excludefilename: try: with open(options.excludefilename) as fp: options.toexclude = fp.readlines() except IOError: print(_( "Can't read --exclude-file: %s") % options.excludefilename, file=sys.stderr) sys.exit(1) else: options.toexclude = [] # resolve args to module lists expanded = [] for arg in args: if arg == '-': expanded.append(arg) else: expanded.extend(getFilesForName(arg)) args = expanded # slurp through all the files eater = TokenEater(options) for filename in args: if filename == '-': if options.verbose: print(_('Reading standard input')) fp = sys.stdin.buffer closep = 0 else: if options.verbose: print(_('Working on %s') % filename) fp = open(filename, 'rb') closep = 1 try: eater.set_filename(filename) try: tokens = tokenize.tokenize(fp.readline) for _token in tokens: eater(*_token) except tokenize.TokenError as e: print('%s: %s, line %d, column %d' % ( e.args[0], filename, e.args[1][0], e.args[1][1]), file=sys.stderr) finally: if closep: fp.close() # write the output if options.outfile == '-': fp = sys.stdout closep = 0 else: if options.outpath: options.outfile = os.path.join(options.outpath, options.outfile) fp = open(options.outfile, 'w') closep = 1 try: eater.write(fp) finally: if closep: fp.close() if __name__ == '__main__': main() # some more test strings # this one creates a warning _('*** Seen unexpected token "%(token)s"') % {'token': 'test'} _('more' 'than' 'one' 'string')
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